Understanding the Types of Cleaning Solvents
Solvents are essential for any industrial cleaning
application. There are more than hundreds of different types of solvent
cleaners, which have their own characteristics. The solvent is a substance that can
be used to dissolve other materials without chemical change. Chemical solvents are
classified as inorganic and organic. Organic solvents have carbon and include
all of the common industrial metal cleaning solutions.
Cleaning Solvents:
There are many choices of cleaning solvents. The
different types of solvents are given below:
There are three types of metal cleaning solutions available
for use in various precision cleaning.
a) Oxygenated solvents
b) hydrocarbon solvents
c)Halogenated solvents
Oxygenated solvents:
Oxygenated
solvents contain oxygen in their molecular structure. They are derived from petroleum
products. They have low toxicity and high solvent power. Oxygenated solvents are
widely used as additives in manufacturing a huge variety of products from
cosmetics to paint. Also used for cleaning. Purity is required for these applications
and these applications require to put emphasis on impurities. The manufacturing
process for these substances is not expensive. They are very economical and
very affordable. There are various examples of oxygenated solvents like
Alcohols, Ethers, Esthers, Glycol Ethers, Glycol Ether Esthers and Ketones.
Hydrocarbon solvents:
They are petroleum-based solvents and the chemical the structure consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms. Hydrocarbon solvents can have
very complex structures. Two types of Hydrocarbon Solvents are below:
Aliphatic Solvents:
They have a straight-chain hydrocarbon structure and
are used as metal cleaning solvents and also in manufacturing, the likes of Gasoline,
Kerosene and Hexane.
Aromatic
Solvents: They are used decreasing agents in manufacturing paints, Inks and
agricultural chemicals. They have a benzene ring structure. The popular examples
are Benzene, Xylene, and Toluene.
Halogenated Solvents:
These contain halogen atoms like Fluorine, Bromine, Iodine which is also
called Chlorine. They are always non-inflammable and fast evaporating with
tremendous high solvent capacity. They are widely used in Industries for
precision cleaning and various other applications. But, the interesting factor
is, most of them are not used, as there is a question of environmental reasons.
They are Perchloroethylene, Chlorinated fluorocarbons, and Trichloroethane.
Solvent selection is definitely a complex task. One
has to find the right one for one’s needs as the choice definitely will impact
performance, product quality, regulatory compliance, and profitability.
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